Technical Overview
Vivoh WebTransport is a high-performance system for broadcasting MPEG-TS video with low latency no buffering. It is a relay for other Vivoh WebTransport servers, enabling massively scalable broadcasts through multi-tier pub/sub distribution.
1. Key Features
- Low latency streaming directly to web browsers
- No buffering
- Massively scalable architecture with multi-tier relays
2. Protocol Stack
Vivoh WebTransport leverages the WebTransport protocol to achieve ultra-low latency streaming without buffering
- Sub-second glass-to-glass latency through:
- Stream multiplexing over a single QUIC connection
- Zero round-trip handshakes for subsequent requests
- Play after one keyframe, rather than three
- Stream prioritization and flow control
- UDP-based delivery with congestion control (no "head-of-line buffering")
3. System Architecture
3.1 Core Components
- UDP Input Handler: Receives MPEG-TS packets
- Media Stream Manager: Handles codec-specific processing
- Connection Manager: Maintains WebTransport sessions
- Congestion Control Manager: Monitors RTT and proactively eliminates buffering
- Live Sessions Controller: Manages active connections
- Real-time Analytics Manager
- WebTransport Input Handler: Relay other Vivoh WebTransport streams
3.2 Pub/Sub Relay Architecture
Vivoh WebTransport scales via downstream subscriber relays
- Relays can connect prior to stream flow
- Connections are resilient to stream stops
- Relays can pull via WebTransport or join an IGMP multicast source
4. Technology Comparison
| Protocol |
Typical Latency |
Quality Impact |
| Vivoh WebTransport |
1-2s |
High quality. No buffering. |
| WebRTC |
200-400ms |
Variable quality. No buffering. |
| HLS/DASH |
3-10s |
High quality. Buffering. |
